Population Geography is an integrationist discipline providing insight into human to human interaction in relation to human interaction with the environment. Population Geography provides the foundation for studies in Human Geography and benefits from sound quantitative methods. Human Geography is a part of the social sciences, which utilizes scientific methods to better understand human activity.

Population Geographers begin with an examination of the components of population change including births and deaths, as well as migration in and out of areas, whether internationally, nationally, or locally. The number of people by age and sex, the number of births and deaths, and the number of migrants in and out of an area by their age and sex, forms the basis upon which social and economic activity are examined.

Building on the discipline of Geography, Population Geographers utilize scale, both across time and space, (era and area), to move from general overviews to specifics.

Geographers map variations in human activity with reference to variations over the surface of the earth, including topography (elevation), ecosystems, and administrative boundaries etc.

To understand changes in population, Population Geographers consider changes of both social and economic activity in relation to place. Examples include studies in rural and urban interactions, as well as societal expansion and contraction phases.

Population Geographers consider concepts such as Ecological Footprints, Demographic transition, Industrialization and Urbanization, Olduvai theory, Malthusian theories, in relation to fluctuations in human interaction between such methods as compromise, conflict, and cooperation.